Grade 10 physics
The Ideal Gas: Equation of State and the Gas Laws
The ideal-gas model relates pressure, volume, amount and absolute temperature while neglecting molecular volume and most intermolecular forces.
1. Core ideas and learning goals
- The equation of state pV = nRT uses absolute temperature in kelvins.
- For fixed amount and temperature, Boyle law gives pV = constant.
- For fixed amount and pressure, volume is proportional to absolute temperature.
- For fixed amount and volume, pressure is proportional to absolute temperature.
- Real gases depart from the ideal model especially at high pressure and low temperature near condensation.
2. Physical model
The ideal-gas model relates pressure, volume, amount and absolute temperature while neglecting molecular volume and most intermolecular forces.
The ideal-gas model relates pressure, volume, amount and absolute temperature while neglecting molecular volume and most intermolecular forces. The model links observable changes with measurable physical quantities and conservation laws.
Before applying a relation, specify the reference frame, system boundary, initial state and approximations. The conclusion is valid only while those conditions are satisfied.