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Linear Function and Its Graph

Mathematics Grade 7 Difficulty 2/5

Beginning of the lesson

Линейная функция и её график

Linear Function and Its Graph

Алгебра · 7 класс

§1. Введение — From Direct Proportionality to Linear Function

You already know the function of direct proportionality:

y = kx

This function describes situations where y is directly proportional to x. Its graph is a straight line passing through the origin (0, 0).

But what happens if we add a constant term?

y = kx + b

This gives us a more general function — the линейная функция (linear function). The constant b shifts the line up or down from the origin, allowing us to model many more real-world situations.

🔹 Direct Proportionality

y = kx

Line passes through (0, 0)

Example: y = 3x

🔹 Linear Function

y = kx + b

Line can cross y-axis anywhere

Example: y = 3x + 2

§2. Определение — Formal Definition

Определение (Definition):
Линейной функцией называется функция, которую можно задать формулой вида
y = kx + b
где x — независимая переменная (independent variable),
k и b — некоторые числа (some numbers), причём k ≠ 0.
📌 Coefficient k

Угловой коэффициент (slope) — determines the steepness and direction of the line.

📌 Coefficient b

Свободный член (y-intercept) — determines where the line crosses the y-axis.

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